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Take Advantage of Keithley’s Expertise Measuring Graphene
Using Keithley’s ultra-sensitive source measurement unit (SMU) instruments
Why Choose a Keithley Low level Instrument to
Characterize Graphene-Based Materials and Devices?
Keithley provides the most precise and sensitive measurements in the industry. |
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Low resistance |
10nΩ |
Low current |
50aA |
Low voltage |
1nV |
High resistance |
1018Ω |
Ultra-high input impedance |
>200 x 1012Ω |
||
Download a related article: Nobel Winners in
Physics Used Keithley Instrumentation in Prize-Winning Research.
Make High Quality Measurements on Graphene-Based Materials and Devices
Source Both AC and DC Low Current
with Exceptionally Low Current Noise
Model 6221 AC and DC Current Source
Model 6220 DC Current Source- 100fA current generation sensitivity
- 1014Ω output impedance
- Arbitrary waveform generator (6221)
- Learn more about the Model 6220 and 6221.
- View the Model 6220/6221 product demo.
The instrument that performs:
Precision sourcing and sinking of voltage and current
Measurements of current, voltage, and resistance
Series 2400 SourceMeter Instruments
- V and I source sensitivities: 5nV, 50pA
- V and I measurement sensitivities: 1μV, 50pA
- Source and measurement up to 1000V and 10A
- Learn more about the Model 2400.
- View the Model 2400 product demo.
Characterize Highly Conductive Materials
Model 2182A Nanovoltmeter
- 1nV resolution
- 15nV p-p noise with a 1s response time
- Measure 10nΩ with the 6220/6221
- Learn more about the Model 2182A.
- View the Model 2182A product demo.
Additional Graphene testing resources from Keithley:
Articles
- "Nobel Winners in Physics Used Keithley Instrumentation in Prize-Winning Research." October 8, 2010.
- "AC Versus DC Measurement Methods for Low-power Nanotech and Other Sensitive Devices." February 2007.
- "Characterizing Nanoscale Devices with Differential Conductive Measurements." May 2006.
- "New dG Measurement Methods Reveal Nanodevice Characteristics Faster, at Lower Cost." April 2007.
Application Notes
News on Graphene Research and Technical Papers
GRAPHENE NEWS
"Graphene Makes 'Supercapacitor'."
The Institute of Physics. September 23, 2010.
The first AC supercapacitors containing graphene electrodes have been made. These devices have an operating frequency over 5000Hz.
"World Record with High-Speed Graphene Transistors"
University of California. September 14, 2010.
Graphene transistors with a 300GHz cutoff frequency have been developed. They were fabricated with a new process that uses a nanowire as the self-aligned gate.
"Turning Down the Noise in Graphene."
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. August 6, 2010.
A graphene noise model has been developed. It shows noise patterns opposite to those of other electronic materials. The model is of the signal-to-noise ratios for low frequency noises in graphene on a silica substrate.
"Graphene Shows Promise."
Martin Rowe.
Test & Measurement World. August 1, 2010.
Researchers discover many interesting and useful properties of graphene. They believe it is possible that graphene may replace silicon in many applications.
"Graphene Under Strain Creates Gigantic Pseudo-Magnetic Fields."
Paul Preuss. Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory. July 29, 2010.
When graphene on a platinum substrate is strained and develops nanobubbles, its electrons behave as if they were in a magnetic field. The pseudo-magnetic fields created were stronger than any magnetic field ever generated in a laboratory.
TECHNICAL PAPERS
Written by the winners of the 2010 Noble Prize in
Physics: Konstantin Novoselov and Andre Geim.
"Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films."
K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov.
Science, Vol. 306. no. 5696. October 2, 2004.
One of the original papers that describes the existence of graphene, the existence of the electric field effect in graphene, and the high electron mobility of graphene.
"The Electronic Properties of Graphene."
A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim.
Boston University, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Universidade do Minho, and University of Manchester. Review of Modern Physics, Volume 81. January 14, 2009.
The basic theoretical aspects of pure carbon graphene are presented.
"Quantum Resistance Metrology in Graphene."
A. J. M. Giesbers, G. Rietveld, E. Houtzager, U. Zeitler, R. Yang, K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, and J. C. Maan.
Radboud University Nijmegen, NMi Van Swinden Laboratorium, and University of Manchester. October 22, 2008.
The authors suggest that quantum Hall effect measurements on graphene can be used as a resistance metrology standard.
"The Rise of Graphene."
A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov.
University of Manchester. Nature Materials. 2007.
An overview of graphene and the reasons graphene has generated such interest.